Fordyce Granules - A Short Explanation of What They Are

Small white or cream coloured (sometimes red) bumps on the penis or labia (also known to appear on the lips) don't necessarily mean you have a sexually transmitted disease. Of course you'll always want to be checked out by a doctor before assuming and trying to diagnose yourself. But if it's not a sexually transmitted disease, the tiny bumps on your body could be Fordyce granules. These are small overgrowth's on the skin but they don't pose any danger. They haven't been connected to diseases, cancer, or anything else related.

These Fordyce granules are often on a person's body from birth but during puberty is when they usually become more noticeable. They have been described as looking like a piece of rice and are very small. They're usually measured around one to three millimetres. The granules stay the same size and don't grow bigger. They can be found alone or in groups on the body (up to hundreds). They're not painful and aren't ingrown hairs or clogged pores like many people have mistaken them for. But they are found in areas that are surrounded by hair. They're called sebaceous glands which is similar to the term fatty projection. It is a gland that has simply protruded from the skin. Sometimes other glands close to the area will gather into a larger cluster that looks like cauliflower.

Often called Fordyce disease (named after a dermatologist) Fordyce granules usually aren't difficult to diagnose. Since they're not related to disease the doctors don't usually need to biopsy them. Sometimes though, they may be mistaken for something else and misdiagnosed. Or the doctor may want to make sure it isn't something similar that could pose a threat. In this case, it's best to let the doctor check them out just to be sure of what it really is. Only a doctor's diagnosis should be trusted when you find something irregular on your body.

A large majority of the population has been said to have these tiny bumps on different parts of their bodies. Men are said to be affected by Fordyce granules at a rate of about ninety percent. The number of women affected is slightly less at about eighty percent (maybe lower). There are different severities of these granules meaning that some people are more bothered by them than others. Because of cosmetic reasons, some people do choose to treat them in order to reduce their size and make them less noticeable.

How Lasers Became Used to Remove Hair

It is ironic now to think that in 1958, when American scientist Charles Townes showed that a MASER could theoretically be made to operate in the visible region of the spectrum, his colleagues told him "that his work would have little relevance to the real world". The year was 1958, the 'hula hoop' was all the craze in Europe and Russian author Boris Pasternek declined the Nobel Prize in Literature as he feared the authorities would expel him from his motherland. I am sure the world had changed a lot when Charles Townes received the Nobel Prize in Physics four years later. Today, lasers are used in every aspect of life including a ever increasing number of cosmetic treatments, including skin resurfacing for wrinkle reduction and acne scars, removal of tattoos, removal of hair, removal of pigmented blemishes (age spots and moles) and the treatment of vascular lesions (port wine stains and spider veins).

In fact the real story of lasers started many years before. In the year of 1917, the great physicist, Albert Einstein postulated that atoms could be persuaded to emit tiny packets of energy called 'photons' in his treatise "On the Quantum Theory of Radiation." This sentinel piece of physics laid the groundwork for the theory of stimulated emission of radiation, which was later used by the by American physicist, Gordon Gould to coin the acronym LASER. In essence, the word is an abbreviation of the phrase light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.

The year was 1957 and the Russians had just launched Sputnik 1 into the skies above a horrified US nation. Senator Lyndon Johnson spoke for the nation when he said "soon, they will be dropping bombs on us from space like kids dropping rocks onto cars from freeway overpasses!". The newspaper headlines of the day reflected his fear when one stated, "Soviet satellite circles globe every 90 minutes". In that year, plans were made to start the space race and America ushered in a new age of political, military, technological, and scientific developments. The Government formed the Pentagon's Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and huge grants were poured into private and public laboratories across the United States to fund the creation of a new spacecraft and the first working laser.

In 1960, their efforts paid off when a physicist called Theodore Maiman working with the Hughes Electric Corporation in California, created the world's first working Ruby laser. The acronym LASER, although appearing theoretical is of more than passing interest, because it means a laser device must be able to make a new form of light. This light must be composed of one wavelength (colour), it must pass in one direction (coherent) and its waves must be parallel. These unique characteristics can be used by doctors to achieve different results. We know the different wavelengths can penetrate various depths of skin and they can also cause dissimilar effects by targeting differing coloured lesions. This means that laser A could be used to target haemoglobin (red) in the broken blood vessels (telangiectasia) of rosacea, while laser B may be used to target melanin (brown) in the hair on an upper lip of a female with hirsuitism. It also means that lasers could be used to vapourise water in tissues, thereby causing resurfacing and later collagen stimulation with significant improvements to wrinkles in the skin.

In 1961, research was focused on this new technology continued with the production of a new laser made from crystals of yttrium-aluminum-garnet treated with 1-3% neodymium. The worlds first Nd:YAG laser was developed. This laser emitted energy in the near infrared (IR) spectrum at a wavelength of 1060 nm. Although many Americans felt safer to have more powerful lasers being developed, doctors tried to harness its power as they found its high-penetration emission to be useful for vapourising tissues and thermally coagulating large blood vessels. It is interesting to see that the laser is still widely used in cosmetic medicine today. It has even found a new role targeting hair follicles in darker coloured skin. The following year, the first experiments into depilation by laser took place when Dr. Leon Goldman used the principle of selective target destruction with ruby lasers in an attempt to destroy the melanin in hair follicles.

Unfortunately for him, although the idea was good, he did not take into account that the laser emitted a continuous wave more adept at shooting down Sputnik and it also targeted melanin in the skin and burnt his patients. The other patients in the experiment suffered from post inflammatory hyperpigmentation and the experiment was abandoned. In that year, the argon laser was also developed. This laser emitted energy in the blue-green portion of the visible spectrum, making it more readily absorbed by melanin and hemoglobin than by the surrounding tissue. It was 1962 and the American public waited with baited breath as President Kennedy and Soviet Premier Nakita Khrushchev waged a battle of nerves over the Cuban missile crisis.

In 1963, the ruby laser became the first medical laser when Francis L'Esperance from the Columbia- Presbyterian Medical Centre used it to coagulate retinal lesions. In 1965 he began working with Bell researchers Eugene Gordon and Edward Labuda to design a better laser for eye surgery as the blue-green light of the argon laser is more readily absorbed by blood vessels than the red light of the ruby laser. After further refinements and experiments, they developed a laser that is still used to this day to treat patients with diabetic retinopathy. It also has a use in the treatment of port-wine stains. As the cold war developed, the US Government funded projects that covered research into more powerful lasers, ones that had the power to cut through steel.

In 1964, Patel at Bell Laboratories developed the CO 2 laser. This laser operated at 10,600 nm and it was similar to the Nd YAG in that it could be used for cutting materials like stainless steel. The advantage was that it could also be focused onto a smaller spot; a function that one day could be useful in space. Thankfully for cosmetic medicine at this wavelength, energy is also heavily absorbed by water, which everyone knows is the primary constituent and chromophore of cells in living tissue. This particular function made the energy generated by the new CO2 laser suitable for tissue vapourisation and a whole new era of wrinkle removal by skin resurfacing began. The experiments on trying to find the 'Holy Grail' of being able to remove hair by laser light followed the path of the emerging Beatles throughout most of the rest of the sixties.

In 1967, while Dr. Chris Barnard carried out the world's first human heart transplantation at the Groote Schuur hospital in Cape Town, attempts made to reduce the potential damage to background skin by directing the light energy to individual follicles through the use of a wire-thin fibre optic apparatus. Many of these devices were sold illegally in the United States throughout the late sixties until the FDA banned their use. In 1968, Union Carbide's commissioned a study by Dermascan (manufacturer of the Proteus thermolysis machine) of the effects of applying laser energy applied directly to each hair follicle. The results were largely unsuccessful in that the perceived depilation may have been related to a type of electrolysis effect. Today the company is more famous, for those three nights in 1984, their chemical plant in Bhopal, India, began leaking 27 tons of the deadly gas methyl isocyanate into the atmosphere exposing half a million people to the gas, resulting in the eventual deaths of 20,000 people.

During the 1970's research into finding a means of hair removal with laser continued with Omnicron Corporation producing a photo epilator that used coherent light to epilate hair. The device never produced marketable results and things remained that way until another attempt was by Lasertron inc. in the 1980s when they used an Argon laser to direct energy at the haemoglobin surrounding individual hairs. The device was marketed before proper clinical tests were done to establish its efficacy and before long patients were complaining as it proved to be unsuccessful for permanent hair removal. In 1983, Oshiro and Maruyama noted that hair was lost from after pigmented nevi were treated with a ruby laser. Whenever the increased the laser power to affect the hair follicles, the epidermis became severely damaged. These observations led to Anderson and Parrish developing the theory of 'selective photothermolysis'. This theory was based on the fact that a laser of particular wavelength and pulse duration of light could be used to target a particular chromophore, selectively destroying it while sparing the surrounding tissue. The space race started by the launch of Sputnik continued and in that year, Sally Ride, the first American female astronaut landed aboard the Challenger space shuttle.

While tumultuous things were happening on the world stage, including the fall of the Soviet Empire, the freeing of Nelson Mandela and Saddam Hussein's fateful annexation of Kuwait, the development of laser hair technology seemed to have reached an impasse. There were some highlights when Thermolase Corporation built and tested a low-power Nd: YAG laser for the removal of tattoos and birthmarks.

During the mid nineties the quest to find the 'Holy Grail' laser seemed to quicken when a company called ThermoLase used a topical suspension of carbon particles applied to skin followed by treatment of a Q-switched variant of this Nd: YAG laser called the SoftLight(TM) to treat hair. The laser certainly produced some results and within a short time it received FDA approval and became the first device for hair removal in the United States. ThemoLase went all out to market the product and within a short period they starting using the device in a chain of clinics called Spa Thira. It soon became apparent that this was not the 'Holy Grail' laser as the device seemed to only delay hair regrowth by 3-4 months, but it did not provide permanent hair reduction. This led to several lawsuits against the company and in the period1998-99; they closed most of their spas.

However, all was not lost for TheroLase because it is apparent that many clients who had unsuccessful hair-removal reported improvement in their skin's texture. It appeared the heat emitted by the laser in association with a lotion that was employed caused a form of skin resurfacing. Before long, Thermage exploited this benefit by obtaining FDA approval for SoftLight(TM) resurfacing, marketing it as a safe, fast and effective alternative to CO2 and erbium skin resurfacing.

In 1994, Nelson Mandela became President of South Africa. It was the same year that Doctors Anderson and Grossman working with Palomar Medical Technologies, first used a water-cooled delivery handpiece during epilation with a long pulsed Ruby laser. The laser was developed at Massachusetts General Hospital and the chilled head meant the laser did not thermally damage the surrounding skin, leaving it less irritating than other methods and relatively pain free. This EpiLight ® Ruby laser is still in use in many US clinics today.

In 1995, the world was gripped by the live television coverage of the Los Angeles trial of a former American football star and actor 'O.J.Simpson'. Further upstate in the small town of Los Gatos, dermatologist Patrick Bitter had other things on his mind. He postulated that if he used a Xenon flashlight to emit broad-spectrum light made up of multiple wavelengths, he could use a cutoff filter to restrict the bandwidth to a certain range. By applying different filters, he could imitate laser action by using the shorter wavelengths to clear pigment spots (lentigines) and broken vessels (telangiectasias) and the longer ones rejuvenate and smooth the skin. By using a range of wavelengths and some clever software a company could produce a device that could cure many ailments at once. In these moments the new concepts of Intensed Pulsed Light (IPL) and photorejuventation were born and the world moved closer to finding the 'Holy Grail' laser. Ironically, these devices would not be real lasers, as they were in reality flash lamps giving off white light, similar to that of a light bulb with wavelengths in the range of 400- 765nm.

In 1998, ESC Sharplan announced the introduction of the Vasculight ® and the concept of IPL ® technology for photorejuvenation. In the year 2000, this company became Lumenis and they introduced the Quantum SR as the pioneer IPL of the new Type I Photorejuvenation procedure.

By 2001, numerous companies began to produce IPL machines and market the photorejuvenation procedure. Later that year some of the people who had helped form ESC/Lumenis scientists created a new company called Syneron. In 2002, this company announced the introduction of the Aurora RF, a new type of laser that promised to enhance photorejuvenation by using the addition of RF (bipolar radiofrequency) to the pulsed light source. This action brought both companies into the U.S. District Court with Lumenis bringing a preliminary injunction against Syneron's sale of Aurora devices. In 2004, Lumenis granted Syneron unlimited non-exclusive worldwide licenses for Lumenis patents relating to the use of incoherent light in aesthetic and medical applications, including all of its IPL related patents. It was the same year that a tsunami spread throughout the Indian Ocean, killing nearly a fifth of a million people and devastating coastal communities across South and South East Asia.

Sclerotherapy: Out With Spider Veins, In With Sexy Legs

It's summer. The weather is beautiful, the water warm and inviting. It's time once again for shorts and swimsuits. "Oh, no!" you grown. "I can't go out like in that with these ugly old spider veins all over my legs." Sounds familiar. Well, it's a common complaint for the millions of people who have these unsightly little blood vessels.

Spider veins, so called because the "arms" of these tiny dilated blood vessels appear to project outward from a central denser area like the legs of a spider from its torso, are also called sunburst varicosities, for a similar reason, or telangiectasias ("broken" blood vessels). In fact, they are simply diminutive, thick venules (literally: little veins) that lie close to the surface of the skin. And because they principally carry deoxygenated blood (blood that is not saturated with oxygen needed by the tissues) they actually serve no useful function. Even nutrition-wise, it is the function of the the blood vessels hidden below the surface, within the dermis, that carry nutrients to the skin. In short, spider veins are just a plain, disfiguring nuisance.

The precise cause of these unwanted vessels is still the subject of investigation. However, we believe that they develop as a result of a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal and environmental factors. There is often a strong family history for their formation. You might find, for example, a mother, daughter and sister suffering the same problem. Elevated estrogen levels appear also to aggravate the problem. You might find that the condition worsens, for example, during pregnancy or while on birth control pills. It is also more common in people whose jobs require them to be on their feet a great deal, in overweight individuals, and in those who have sustained some kind of injury to the area, including blunt trauma, cuts, lacerations, or even surgical procedures.

Whatever they are called and however they come about, countless numbers of women and men want them gone. Despite the advent of lasers, sclerotherapy is still considered the gold standard treatment and the commonest method for getting rid of them. Sclero, literally means "scar," and sclerotherapy works by irritating the lining of the unwanted blood vessels to such an extent that they collapse upon themselves and eventually scar over and disappear from view entirely. For this purpose, your doctor can choose from a number of different sclerosing agents, including super concentrated salt solution (hypertonic saline).

Very tiny, dense "mats" or conglomerations of red blood vessels, known as telangiectatic matting is difficult to treat with sclerotherapy and may respond better to laser therapy. On the other extreme, larger varicose blood vessels are best treated by such procedures as venous stripping and ligation, ambulatory phlebectomy and the newer radiofrequency surgical technique.

One of the major advantages of sclerotherapy is that it is fast and simple. A typical treatment session may take only about fifteen to thirty minutes depending upon the size of the area to be treated. A very tiny needle, smaller than most sewing needles, is inserted into the venule and the sclerosing material is then injected until it and the vessels in the region immediately surrounding it fade from view as the solution courses through. Each subsequent site is injected in a similar fashion until the entire area to be treated is completed. No anesthetic is typically required, although occasionally a topical anesthetic cream, such as EMLA or ELA-MAX may be applied. Some pricking, stinging or burning may accompany the injection. Doctors frequently cover the sites with compression bandages consisting of cotton balls that are taped in place and left for three days. Others also recommend that support hosiery be worn for several days or weeks afterward. A soothing anesthetic, moisturizing cream, such as Lida Mantle cream, may also be prescribed.

While some patients obtain satisfactory overall improvement after one treatment session, it is more common to require two or more treatments, spaced at four to six week intervals, to the same area in order to obtain a satisfactory cosmetic result. Each session can be expected to yield a 50 percent improvement in appearance, but of course the results are highly individual. And, unfortunately, eliminating existing blood vessels does nothing to prevent new ones from developing at a later date requiring additional treatment sessions. Individuals with diabetes, heart disease or circulatory problems are not considered good candidates for the procedure.

Some mild leg cramping, bruising or redness may occur following treatment, but patients typically return to work or social activities right away (ie. no "down time"). Clots that may need to be drained and temporary coffee-colored skin staining also sometimes occurs. Rare, but more severe reactions include the formation of clots, local or systemic allergic reactions, to the sclerosing solution, skin ulcerations and scarring. Thankfully, the latter complications are uncommon.

So, if you really can't stand anymore to see those unsightly strands and networks of blues, purples and reds coursing along your legs, now, before the summer brings a new season for embarrassment, would a great time to see your doctor about sclerotherapy.

Botox - Lunch Hour Cosmetic Procedures

You get your hair cut at lunch. You go to the dentist during your lunch hour. You even hit the gym for a quick workout and a smoothie. So, why not brighten your look over lunch. We are all busy with work, kids, dinner and family time and it is hard to squeeze in those "just for me" kinds of things. Sometimes the lunch break is the only bit of free time people have and many make the most of it. Botox ushered in the era of the "lunch hour" cosmetic procedure and now, there are even more procedures to choose; from smoothing lines, plumping lips and getting rid of sun damage. So, what exactly could you have done and what will it do for you?

Derma Fillers

There are a variety of products, collectively called derma fillers, on the market that fill mild lines to deep wrinkles. As previously mentioned, getting Botox is one of the most popular lunch-time procedures. Botox is used to fill in those dynamic wrinkles that show up whenever you smile, frown or show emotion.

Collagen injections are popular as well as products made from hyaluronic acid gel. These fillers can all be done in minutes and can fill in moderate to deep wrinkles, plump up the lips and even help smooth out some acne scars.

Skin Resurfacing Treatments

Several procedures fall under the category of lunch hour skin resurfacing - peels, micro dermabrasion and laser resurfacing. Because these tend to be a little more traumatic to the skin, the treatments are generally mild and require several sessions to get the desired results. This is done so that you can return to work without the redness and swelling that accompanies stronger procedures.

Two popular chemical peels are glycolic and salicylic acid peels. The results are not apparent for a couple of days because the skin has to actually peel off. Your dermatologist may give you a moisturizer to help hide the dry flaking skin as it comes off.

Microdermabrasion

Microdermabrasion is a little more aggressive, but it can be performed with a gentle touch. This procedure basically sand-blasts the skin, scraping the dead cells off the top and then vacuums it up. You may have some redness afterwards, but the results are readily visible as new healthy skin is revealed and the appearance of wrinkles and dark spots are reduced.

New technology now allows for laser resurfacing to be done at lunch without revealing a thing. Unlike other lasers that vaporize skin layers, these non-ablative lasers work under the skin to stimulate collagen production. It works really well for lines around the eyes and mouth. The down side is that it takes several months for collagen to reproduce and create volume.

If you decide to use your lunch hour to rejuvenate your face with Botox or a little micordermabrasion, make sure you have an experienced cosmetic surgeon or dermatologist perform the procedure. Just because it can be done in a few minutes doesn't mean something can't go wrong. That lunch time secret will be obvious to everyone if things go awry. That is definitely not the look you were going for!

Plastic Surgery Procedures That The Celebrities Love

Celebrities are known for getting lots of plastic surgery as they age, but some of them focus more than ever on cosmetic procedures before major award shows. Actors, singers, and models alike all tend to get many of the same features modified since the public eye often scrutinizes a few things in particular when looking at famous people. Learn some of the most popular procedures that celebrities often get before award shows.

A chemical peel is a frequent need for those who want to look their best on a certain night. This can help get rid of impurities in the skin, making the surface look and feel clean and free of the dirt and dead skin that can lead to acne and other issues. In fact, it can also often get rid of wrinkles, fine lines, acne scars, and sun damage, allowing the skin to look practically flawless. This procedure hardly requires any recovery time, so it is usually fine to get a week or so before an award show.

Some celebrities need a little more help than a chemical peel offers. Those looking to appear younger may opt for a mini facelift. This takes a bit more recovery time, so it should usually be done months before a show, but the results are more dramatic than a peel. Of course, this type of plastic surgery is less invasive than a regular facelift, though accordingly it makes more subtle results, too. You should ask your surgeon if you are interested in either a mini facelift or a traditional one, as the stars are not the only people who can get these operations done. In addition, consider a neck lift if the skin in your neck seems loose and unattractive. This can usually be combined with a facelift, too.

If you are looking for a less permanent outcome that requires less recovery time, you may opt for an injectable filler. This may include Restylane, Juvederm, or Botox. Though each of these tend to have a specialty, they can all fill in areas of your face. For example, the first two are often used to add volume to the lips or cheeks, and they can also get rid of some fine lines and wrinkles. Botox is usually injected into the forehead area to prevent new wrinkles from forming while also getting rid of old ones. You should talk to your doctor if you are interested in any of these popular solutions.

Some of these are considered less invasive than others, but a plastic surgery specialist should be able to do them all. You should ask your surgeon about these options to find out which would suit you.

Seek Out the Services of a Cosmetic Dentist to Transform Your Smile

Did you know that cosmetic dentistry is a booming sector of the dental industry? In a world where a person's appearance can affect every aspect of their life, it is no surprise that anything pertaining to the enhancement or improvement of a person's appearance can improve the quality of one's life.

There are numerous procedures that a cosmetic dentist can perform to improve the appearance of your smile. It doesn't matter if some or all of your natural teeth are present. They can improve the condition and appearance of your teeth. There are many different procedures, some which involve surgery. If you are self conscious about your smile and in need of some cosmetic enhancements, you can count on your local cosmetic dentist for the job. Thanks to technology, you have many options to choose from to enhance your smile. If you are not sure which method would give you the best results, don't hesitate to seek out your cosmetic dentist and ask some questions. They can provide you information about all the ways they can improve your smile and help you make a decision on what is best for you.

Many people think that going to a cosmetic dentist is something that is only for the rich and famous. Contrary to popular belief, treatment by this type of professional has gotten much more affordable. You can have your teeth whitened for a very reasonable price. Or if you want a perfect set of teeth but can't afford implants, you could always get some veneers instead. No matter what type of cosmetic enhancements you have done, many cosmetic dentists offer financing to help most of their patients pay for their services without breaking the bank. In fact, you may want to take advantage of financing so you can have more time to pay for any procedures with monthly payments. Before you cross anything off of your list, talk to your cosmetic dentist so they can help you discover what procedures you can afford.

Not all procedures require surgery. It is possible for you to get a brand new smile without having to have some type of extensive oral operation. You could get Invisalign, which is a clear set of braces that will straighten your teeth. This is an excellent option for people who do not want traditional metal braces. No matter how crooked your teeth may currently be, Invisalign can give you that perfectly straight smile you've always dreamed of.

If you have been thinking about doing something to improve your smile so you can feel more confident about your appearance, don't hesitate to find a cosmetic dentist that you can trust to alter your smile so you can live a more vibrant and exciting life. Schedule an appointment and learn about what your options are before you make any commitments. Many professionals in this field offer consultations so that new patients can decide whether or not they want to take the first step to improving the quality of their smiles and lives.

The Qualifications of a Cosmetic Surgeon

The ordinary person seeking a cosmetic surgeon may not know what is involved in a doctor becoming qualified to perform such procedures. Being an informed patient is a necessary task needed to know which surgeon to hire, especially since you are letting him work on your most important asset: your body.

The American Board of Plastic Surgery gives specific and detailed qualifications and only those who meet the rigorous and extensive training and experience are given the sought-after credentials from them.
What is so dangerous is that any licensed doctor can claim to be a cosmetic surgeon, so asking them for their credentials up-front is a necessary first step. While a doctor may have a certification from the American Board of Medical Specialties, he or she may not have his certification from the Board of Plastic Surgery. Each state has different disclosure laws for credentials in the surgeon's marketing and advertising material, so his or her true credentials may not be revealed. This will give you the peace of mind that you will get quality care and the beautiful outcome you desire.

Recertification of a physician's qualifications and training is now necessary for the boards and in the medical field. Along with this you can review before and after photographs of previous clients (providing they have signed a waiver) to see how well the surgeon performed on a client, as well as reviews and opinions of other patients.

So, then, what is the American Board of Plastic Surgery? This board gives certification for plastic surgery of the complete body, including the face, neck, and full body. These doctors have the most wide-ranging surgical training requirements and have the highest standards of accreditation for plastic surgery procedures for the whole body and face, including procedures such as breast augmentation, tummy tucks and facelifts.

The American Association for Accreditation of Ambulatory Surgery Facilities (AAAASF) gives regulations and certifications for performing surgical procedures in a doctor's office, so make sure you doctor has these credentials. You can review a doctor's credentials by visiting your state medical board's website or giving them a call, visiting the ABMS website, or calling the hospital to find out if the doctor has hospital privileges.

All of these step-by-step instructions give you the fuel needed to make an informed decision when deciding on a cosmetic surgeon, such as Dr. Robert Heck, an internationally renowned doctor in this field, who will gladly provide any and all documentation of his qualifications.

Cosmetics Business - Start a Prestigious & High Profit Business

Making cosmetics is a multi-billion dollar industry. But you don't need an expensive laboratory or a university degree to start a successful and high profit cosmetics business. In fact, a cosmetics business can be set up for much less than the cost of many other less profitable ventures.

You've probably read many success stories of young entrepreneurs who started out as home-based cosmetic makers and went on to become the names behind some of the most popular and successful cosmetic companies in the beauty industry today.

If you think cosmetic manufacturing requires a sophisticated and expensive laboratory, this is incorrect. This is just one of the common myths you will hear about starting a cosmetics business.

You can start a high profit cosmetics business with basic equipment for low start-up cost. And you don't need to be a cosmetics chemist -- this is another common myth. If you obtain professional cosmetic formulations and manufacturing instructions, you can easily manufacture cosmetics, skin and hair care products of the same quality as leading brand formulations, if not better, without spending three or four years in university studying for a science or chemical engineering degree.

However, to start a profitable and successful cosmetics business it is vital to use only professionally created formulations - not home based recipes. Homemade cosmetic recipes may be suitable for home use, but they are not suitable for retail sale.

Making cosmetics is one of the most profitable businesses on earth -- profit margins easily reach 1000%. Products which retail for $50 usually cost between 50c and $3 to make!

However, in order to make these kinds of profits, you must own your cosmetics formulations, so as to be able to manufacture your range of cosmetics yourself.

If you contract a laboratory to manufacture cosmetics for you, much of the profit will go into the pocket of this cosmetic manufacturing company -- not yours.

If you own your cosmetic formulations, you will be in control of your business. You will be able to choose your own cosmetic ingredients suppliers, negotiate better deals, formulate your own top quality recipes comparable with any international brand, make any size order you require without the restriction of minimum quantities, etc. When you own the cosmetics formulas, you can even become a private label cosmetics manufacturer.

What are private label cosmetics?

Many businesses -- hair, beauty and spa salons, plus many others -- are increasingly becoming aware of the value in selling and promoting their own brand products, carrying their own logo on their own label.

Why? Because, when they promote their own brand, they increase customer loyalty to their own products and their own business - not an international company that sells its skincare, haircare and cosmetics formulations in hundreds, if not thousands, of other salons, pharmacies, department stores, etc.

When you establish your own cosmetics business, you can manufacture cosmetics, skincare, haircare and toiletries for other retailers as a private label manufacturer, as well as wholesaling and retailing your own range of cosmetic and beauty products.

Postpartum Plastic Surgery: A Post Pregnancy Procedure

Although motherhood can be one of the greatest gifts life has to offer, but c-section scars and other after effects of pregnancy can take a lasting toll on your body, especially your breasts and abdominal areas.

Following child bearing, you may be left with stretched, distorted breasts, bulging belly, ugly-looking stretch marks and weight gain in the hips, lower back, buttocks and thighs.

But don't despair. You can get rid of those unwanted abdominal stretch marks, breast sagginess, fat deposits, hanging skin and hair loss through postpartum plastic surgery.

About Postpartum Plastic Surgery
Postpartum plastic surgery, also called mommy makeover, mommy tuck or simply mom job, refers to the surgical rejuvenation of the post-baby body that becomes saggy after pregnancy.

While some new moms restore their bodies to what they enjoyed prior to their pregnancies with regular exercise, others continue to deal with the embarrassment and discomfort due to the postpartum effects on their body.

This is where postpartum plastic surgery or mommy makeover comes and works like a wonder.

This female body rejuvenation procedure utilizes multiple plastic surgery procedures to help you recontour and rejuvenate your physical appearance as well as attain a refreshed look and an improved self-esteem.

There is an array of cosmetic surgeries used to help you transform your body in pre-pregnancy form. These mommy makeover procedures include:

• Breast augmentation
• Breast lift (mastopexy) with or without implants
• Breast reduction
• Breast enlargement with a breast lift
• Liposuction on the legs, arms, stomach and lower back
• Butt lift
• Tummy tuck (Abdominoplasty)

You may only need one or a combination of a few for sculpting your body figure. These plastic surgery procedures can be customized based on your wishes and needs.

In order to enhance the aesthetic appearance of overall body, some women also undergo facial rejuvenation procedures. There is a wide range of procedures that can improve your facial appearance, from reshaping the nose, jaw and chin, to removing wrinkles, fat or loose skin.

In general, the facial rejuvenating plastic surgery procedures may include:

• Facelift Surgery
• Eyelid Surgery
• Nose Surgery (Rhinoplasty)
• Forehead Lift
• Ear Surgery
• Lip Augmentation

Some advanced and minimally invasive plastic procedures include Latisse, Radiesse injections, Dysport injections, Botox injections, Juvederm, as well as laser skin resurfacing techniques.

Although serious complications and death are infrequent with body contouring procedures, but, as with any surgery, a mommy makeover may lead to such complications like scars, bleeding, poor wound healing, infection and reactions to anesthesia. Also, post-surgery pain can be very severe, especially the first few days following the treatment.

The length of the recovery period varies depended on the amount and type of the surgery or surgeries performed.

Women suffering from lung problems, cardiovascular problems, diabetes, or any other medical issues are not good candidates for the postpartum plastic surgery.

Like many women, if you have stretch marks concentrated around your belly and lower abdomen and your abdomen and breasts have become saggy after breastfeeding, getting postpartum plastic surgery can help reverse these effects and restore and enhance your body.

Keep in mind, however, go for a mommy makeover only after you are done having children.

The Cosmetic Product - Argireline

The new thing in beauty items is the natural base products. However, what is now causing a bit of concern among the users is the way no information and research has been availed about the most popular ones that are deemed to work very well.

Take the case of Argireline for example which is now a commonly available item. It is worrying that no vigorous research and findings have been forthcoming about this product which is widely believed to have great health benefits. For those who still do not know this, Argireline is a direct substitute for Botox but most people have no idea that it actually made of synthetic materials as opposed to natural ones.

This product does not fall under drugs so the FDA cannot test it. Since cosmetics are not drugs, it would be quite wrong for some misguided people to term this product as a drug. By so doing it would only attract the scrutiny of the FDA who would now demand that the item undergo vigorous tests.

Man can now cling to the natural products as their only hope of getting back some of their youth. The chemical ones cannot outshine their natural competitors because people have long given up on experimenting with the thousands that are already in the market for the same purpose.

All age related issues can be handled very effectively with the modern methods even though some people who have remained as traditionalists refute this fact. The proof is there for all to see as many are now living very comfortable lives in their old age.

How the skin looks is relevant to what the body is like inside out. That means if your inside is clean and healthy it would very well show on your skin. Expect the skin that appears old and haggard to belong to the person whose insides are suffering an onslaught of poor health which is caused by the free radicals.

The products for the face that are made from natural ingredients will easily take care of all those problems. Again the body needs sunlight but too much of that will give you more skin issues. That is why all you need is a good product that will keep off the inflammatory materials to leave your face looking fresh and youthful.

They are collectively known as anti-oxidants. They cover the skin against ravaging elements called free radicals. The negative effect of them can cause wrinkles and even premature aging spots. The anti-oxidants can deal with them perfectly.

Scar Revision After a Head Injury

Head trauma has the potential to produce devastating cognitive consequences, so the last thing people tend to think about is external scars. Yet scarring of the face and neck can destroy one's self image and lead to anxiety, depression, and social isolation.

It is important to consult with a Cosmetic Surgeon that is trained in laser therapy - early in the healing phase - so that scar revision planning can begin while there is an ability to prevent permanent, unsightly scars.

Scars come in three heights, and all types of shapes:

1. Atrophic scars are thin scars that invert below the surface of the skin.
2. Hypertrophic or even keloid scars are scars that are elevated above the skin and may spread horizontally.
3. Flat scars are usually visible because of color changes, either darker or lighter than the surrounding skin.

Regardless of the skin wound, healing takes place in three phases: the inflammatory phase where the body cleans out the wound and prepares for wound healing; the proliferative phase where a scar is created to bind the tissue together, and finally a remodeling phase where the scar is remade so that it functions well and holds the tissue together.

The remodeling phase begins at about the 12th week, and can be compared to a spider spinning its web. The spider creates the web and then repeatedly revises it until it functions as it was designed to do. The scar has 85% of its wound strength at the 12th week and that is the time when medical intervention can diminish or even erase a scar.

Conventional medical wisdom teaches that we leave a scar alone for at least 12 months after wounding before seeking scar revision. Nothing could be further from the truth. More than 3 decades ago Dr. John Yarborough demonstrated that facial scars following head trauma after an auto accident could be virtually erased with dermabrasion 6-12 weeks after the accident. It is now known that the reason this works is that we are modifying the remodeling phase of wound healing.

In the late 1980's numerous research showed that low level laser therapy could modify wound healing, and on a microscopic level could alter the action of the cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells, during all the phases of wound healing. By 1990 Goldman and Fitzpatrick showed that a specific laser, the pulsed dye laser, could reduce the size and color of raised scars.

Shortly thereafter, it was demonstrated that erasure of a traumatic facial scar and filling in of tissue loss is possible by combining low level laser energy using a pulsed dye laser. In the late 1990's Fitzpatrick demonstrated that 5- fluorouracil injections combined with laser therapy could erase scar tissue. Since 2006, fractional lasers have been used to erase thin and indented scars.

The state of the art today is to intervene early, between the 12th and 24th week after head trauma that results in facial scars, with a combination of laser and chemical interventions. Even earlier, after the 4th week, patients can apply a variety of over-the-counter silicone based products (such as Scar Fade) to the newly forming scars. This will minimize the scar growth and promote good wound healing.

Cosmetic Surgery Procedures - A Lesson in Cost Control to the Health Care Industry

Everyone knows about cosmetic procedures; they were once a tool of the wealthy elite to have reconstructive, restorative, or enhancing surgeries. They could make changes to their appearance after an accident or to express themselves. However, the tools and services developed for the wealthy are now available at a much cheaper price. Since insurance will not cover most cosmetic procedures, patients pay with credit or cash. Because the doctors must compete for this service, they have to lower prices to get the attention of potential customers. This has caused a general lowering trend in prices.

This is how this works. A wealthy person, dissatisfied with their condition after an accident, funds a group of doctors at a high cost to find a solution to their dilemma. The doctors use this to create a new procedure, involving new machines and a new service, in order to satisfy the wishes of the wealthy patient. Once the machines have been created and the service perfected, now the doctor wishes to continue to offer it to others. Since he already has the machines and procedures, he no longer needs the huge sums of money in order to offer the surgery. Therefore, he must no lower the price to allow more consumers to use the service, or he will feel he is "wasting" his machine and procedure. This is how the "greedy" wealthy elite inadvertently create low-cost procedures that we can all use.

The good news is that cosmetic surgery is affordable to nearly anyone. If you feel that your appearance is affecting your ability get a job, attract a spouse, or your confidence, you are free to change it at a low cost. Ironically, if you ask a doctor to take that same scalpel and cure your illnesses, the cost will go up exponentially. This is because of the third-party payer system. Since the actual consumer buying the cosmetic surgery is paying cash, the price trend is competitive. This makes it more affordable. In other types of surgery, the majority of users are just billing an insurance company. This causes providers to attempt to recover larger sums for their services. This results in a layer of administrative cost that you just don't see in cosmetic surgery.

Yes, the mainstream health care system could learn a little from the cosmetic surgery industry. They could see the competitive pricing mechanisms of the free market providing cosmetic surgery to people at an affordable price.

If you are interested in getting cosmetic surgery procedures, there is no better time. Prices are at their lowest in years. Financing is available. You could also just use saved up cash and pay outright. With safe, cheap procedures available to us all, now is the time to get cosmetic surgery.

How to Lift Your Eyebrow With Botox and Get Rid of Frown Lines

The earliest signs of facial aging occur in our eyes, often beginning in the late twenties and early thirties. The earliest signs are fine lines and wrinkles around the eyes, frown lines and crow's feet. Soon we begin to notice that our eyebrows have begun to sag and cover the upper eyelid.

A high arched eyebrow is a classic sign of youthful beauty and alertness. As the eyebrow and forehead descend, a loose fold of skin begins to cover the upper eyelid and make our eyes look tired and old. Botox can help reverse and prevent many of these changes when started early in many people.

Advanced sagging often requires a surgical brow lift, not Botox. However, the early use of Botox can help prevent some of the forces which act to pull the forehead down and cause brow ptosis or sagging.

What Causes Sagging of the Forehead?

As our facial skin ages we lose collagen in the deep layers of the skin. Collagen supports our skin and helps keep the skin tight on our face. As we lose collagen the skin becomes lax and begins to sag.

However, our foreheads and eyebrows are also pulled downward by the action of the muscles around our eyes. When we frown, the frown muscles pull the skin down towards the base of our nose. These muscles the Procerus And Corrugator Muscles are called the frown muscles and contribute to brow ptosis.

In addition, the muscles on the side of our forehead around the eyes, also pull the forehead down when we smile or grimace. These muscles, called the Orbicularis Oculi Muscles cause crow's feet and ptosis or sag.

The combination of facial skin aging with loss of collagen and skin tone and the daily repeated pulling by the frown and crow's feet muscles together, over a lifetime can cause the eyebrow and forehead to sag down over the upper eyelid. This creates a tired older appearance to the face.

How Does the Botox Brow Lift Work?

Botox works by relaxing the muscles that are pulling the forehead down. When Botox is injected into the Procerus and Corrugator frown muscles, the muscles relax and quit pulling down on the forehead near the nose, and the forehead is allowed to elevate. The frown line is also lessened.

When Botox is injected into the upper, lateral or outside portion of the Orbicularis Oculi muscle, the upper crow's feet muscle, the muscle relaxes,stops pulling the outside portion of the foreheaqd down, and the forehead is allowed to elevate.

Two large muscles on the forehead, the Frontalis Muscles, hold and pull the forehead up. The frown and crow's feet muscles pull down against the action of the Frontalis Muscles. When the frown and crow's feet muscles are relaxed by Botox, the Frontalis Muscle can pull up on the forehead unopposed.

What Do Injections Feel Like?

Botox injections should be painless if they are done correctly. I apply a numbing cream to the skin before injection. I also cool the skin and underlying muscle by applying an ice pack or cold titanium roller to the skin before injection.

When these techniques are used, most patients do not even feel the injection.

Are Injections Safe?

Yes when used by an experienced and properly trained physician who is experienced in the use of this agent.

This medication is a safe, carefully prepared synthetic pharmaceutical grade product, and not food poisoning toxin as so often reported in the media.

Like any powerful medication, Botox must be given by an experienced licensed doctor or nurse under direct doctor's supervision.

I do my own injections because I believe technique is very important, and I believe the doctor must understand facial aesthetics and facial rejuvenation principals to achieve the best result possible.

Like any medication, this drug can be over used. However, I have never seen a patient lose their facial expression or look like a figure in a wax museum in my practice. Patients can still smile, show emotion and look normal after injection, they just do not have deep frown lines and crow's feet.

What Are Possible Complications?

Complications are very unusual in my experience. Temporary droop of the eyelid is the most frustrating, but recovery and return to normal takes 2-3 weeks. Lid droop can usually be avoided by proper injection technique.

Headache and flu like syndrome can also occur in some patients, but this is unusual, occurring in less than 2 % of patients.

Where Should I Go For Treatment?

You should consult a board certified physician who is experienced in facial aesthetics and facial rejuvenation procedures. Unfortunately many people assume that these injections are easy to do and many doctors and nurses with no formal training in facial aesthetics and facial rejuvenation procedures do these injections.

Your doctor needs to understand how the facial muscles work and what is causing the aging change that you want to correct. Technique is very important if you are going to achieve a good result.

Board certified Plastic Surgeons and Dermatologists are the most highly trained and expert doctors in these techniques. I suggest that you consult one of these board certified specialists. Personally I would avoid having these injections in a Spa, at a party, or by a non physician.

What Do Injections Cost?

These injections are priced according to the amount of Botox used, which is described in International Units (IU).

A typical treatment can use 25 to 50 IU's. I can usually do the forehead lift with 25 IU's. This can cost between $325-$500. You will likely pay more to have an experienced board certified expert do your treatment, but I believe you get what you pay for.

Prices vary from $13 to $20 per IU, depending on the number of areas treated and the number of units used. The more IU's used and the larger number of areas treated, the less the per unit charge.

Be wary of low priced injections. Some unscrupulous providers dilute the material and lower the price. If this happens to you your treatment will be less effective and will not last as long.

Ask your doctor how the dilution is done. There should be 2.5 IU's in each 0.1cc of solution, so a 1 cc syringe should contain 25 IU's.

Ask the questions and make sure you are getting what you pay for.

Caveat Emptor.

The Duties of a Cosmetic Dentist

A cosmetic dentist performs procedures that will correct problems with your teeth, making them look white, proportionate and healthy. Their work will promote your overall health and make you appreciate yourself better. A general dentist can clean your teeth, fill them, perform a root canal and even extract teeth when necessary, but the cosmetic dentist does a whole lot more than this. One of the most humiliating things is discoloration of teeth and comes about as a result of what you eat or drink. In addition, long term smoking can also cause teeth to discolor. A cosmetic dentist however can alter this problem and whiten your teeth, and there are a few options of ways for this to be done. He may recommend porcelain veneers, which is where thin porcelain made shells are firmly cemented onto your teeth to conceal the discoloration. This way requires the dentist to make a model of your teeth so that he can create an exact replica to fit exactly. Another option is extracting some of your natural enamel and replacing it with veneers through bonding.

Besides whitening, you can get your teeth reshaped in case they are too long, too short, chipped, crooked or cracked. A cosmetic dentist can carry out the procedures necessary to rectify any of the mentioned conditions and will help do away with painful, uncomfortable treatments such as wearing braces. If your teeth give you a hard time when biting, chewing or they are pointed; this can be corrected as well. By reshaping the teeth, your whole facial outlook changes and you are in a better position to enjoy eating and smiling. A bondage bridge, which entails bonding false teeth to porcelain crowns where there are teeth missing, is another dental procedure. This is a permanent alternative compared to getting dentures and it also help protect from gum diseases. A cosmetic dentist can also perform a gum lift. This type of technique involves cutting away part of the gum line to reduce the excess, which is done mostly for people who have a big part showing whenever they talk or smile.

Cosmetic dentistry also involves dental implants which entail surgical fixtures using titanium. This brings out a natural appearance to false teeth. If you have a missing tooth or missing teeth, these implants will work best. The good thing is that this procedure can be carried out to replace all missing teeth not only one, but you should note however that a good dental implant will depend on where you want it placed and the reason for it to be done. As we age, most changes take place in our bodies, though some changes do also occur in the dental formula. A lot of people may find that their teeth are no longer arranged properly. Chipping, cracking, root canals and lost fillings are some of the defects that might occur so the cosmetic dentist can use dental cups to structure your teeth and properly have them aligned. He can also work on restoring your teeth to their normal size and shape with the help of a crown. With the help of a covering, the crown will be more effective in the long run with no need to change it after a few months.

Smiling is one thing that can determine how you will talk to others. You don't have to mumble when talking or hide your smile in the presence of your friends. Cosmetic dental procedures can remedy any limiting dental condition and as such you should look into getting it done. Afterwards, you are guaranteed of a proud smile that will not be hidden anymore. Additionally, a good cosmetic dentist will guide you on how to provide for future care of your teeth.

Everyone Can Not Handle Being a Cosmetic Surgeon

No matter what some people think, everyone is not capable of becoming a cosmetic surgeon. Just like with most other professions, this particular profession takes skill and hard work. Now, some may say people can do anything they put their minds to. This can be true to some extent. However, there are some people who are more capable of doing certain things than others. If you are thinking about becoming a cosmetic surgeon, there are certain things you need to consider to make sure you are actually able to be successful in this particular field.

The first thing you must realize is that you will be in school for a very long time. On top of your four years of undergraduate studies, you will also have to go to medical school as well as complete a fellowship. This can take between 10 and 15 years to complete altogether. If you are not a person who enjoys school or is willing to go through over a decade of training and learning, this may not be the career for you.

Another thing you must realize about the profession of a cosmetic surgeon is that it can be extremely stressful. Just like with anyone who works in surgery, you will have a great responsibility on your shoulders. Although you may not be dealing with things like the heart, lungs and other vital organs, the work that you do is extremely important and if you make a mistake it could be very costly harmful. It could harm the person and it could also harm your reputation as a cosmetic surgeon. So, if you're not able to deal with the pressure of having to be near perfect at your job, then you may want to consider something else.

Now, this isn't to say that you have to be perfect 100 percent of the time or that none of these specialists ever make mistakes. However, this job requires you to be extra careful and make minimal mistakes. So, if you don't see yourself as someone who is extremely disciplined and likes to deal with detailed things, you may want to consider another career choice.

Another thing you should keep in mind is the fact that these professionals can end up working very long hours. Although it's not the same as a medical professional who works in an emergency room working 16-hour shifts, there are times where you will still be required to work some long hours. That's because, at times, you will have to accommodate for the schedules of some of your patients.

Becoming a cosmetic surgeon is a great decision. However, everyone is not cut out to do the job. So, if you don't think you can handle the aforementioned scenarios, then this may not be the field for you.

Cosmetic Surgery For Children

Assessing the Psychological Aspect of Performing Plastic Surgery on Children

Children are basically beautiful creatures. They are warm and honest and pure and delightful. A parent can find themselves in extreme distress when considering whether cosmetic surgery is an appropriate method of care for their child.

Cosmetic surgery is associated with vanity and society's obsession with youth and beauty and weight. Cosmetic surgery isn't typically given its due consideration for fixing disfigurements and malformations. When a parent discusses the prospect of cosmetic surgery, they are often regarded as vain and indignant individuals subjecting their child to a painful procedure for their own pursuit of perfection.

This is not necessarily the case. While there are parents out there who will put their children under the knife to give their child a better nose or perfect their features, most parents only consider cosmetic surgery for children under extreme circumstances.

Sometimes the psychological aspects of not undergoing a corrective procedure can be harmful to the child's self esteem. Conditions such as cleft palate or infant skull reconstruction are conditions that will most likely inhibit the child for the rest of their lives. However there are conditions that are marginally obtrusive and the child may or may not benefit from cosmetic surgery for children. Otoplasty, also known as ear pinning, may or not be a quality decision regarding a child's well being
.

Some people consider children with large ears that protrude out from the head to be particularly cute. Other children, however consider these children to be "Dumbo" or "Mickey Mouse." A child with protruding ears are good candidates for cosmetic surgery for children, but one has to consider the consequences of under going the treatment as well as refusing to undergo the treatment.

Understanding Otoplasty

Otoplasty is a procedure which basically pins the ears back closer to the head. Under a local anesthesia with some sedation, an incision is made along the back of the ear near the base where it meets the head. The cartilage is then folded over to shorten the distance between then end of the ear and the head, and then sewn together permanently and dressed to protect against infection. The entire process takes about two or three hours and healing time is relatively mild in comparison to other procedures.

When healing occurs, the ears will be permanently closer to the head and they will lose their "sticking out" appearance. Otoplasty can not be done until around the age of five or six which is when the ear reaches full size. A child undergoing otoplasty at that age will have enough understanding that explanative information will need to be given to keep the child comfortable and understanding what is happening. While some children desperately want their ears to look like everyone else's the thought of someone "cutting their ears off" can be traumatic.

Deciding What is Best for Your Child

Deciding to go through with a procedure like an otoplasty can have long term effects, both positive and negative, for your child. The age of the child creates a significant factor. At two or three years old the child could be told that they were going to get their ears "fixed" and there wouldn't be quite the same complications or implications as there are on an older child. At six years old, telling a child they are getting their ears "fixed" implies that there is something wrong with them.

Are you saving them from a lifetime of humiliation and ridicule or are you sending the message that if there's something different about you that you shouldn't accept it and you should fix it, even if it requires money and pain? Sometimes that answer can only be determined by the child themselves and how they feel about their ears. Sometimes that answer lies within how a parent chooses to explain the situation and how they are going to go about resolving it.

Often enlisting the help of a psychiatric specialist or two can assist a parent in determining what is really in the child's best interest, but that is impossible to do without the child's input. A child who is already the brunt of jokes may outwardly detest their ears because everyone else does. They were taught to hate them. Unfortunately because children have a habit of being devoid of rational thinking on occasion, "fixing" the ears may not change how they feel about them. They were already taught to hate them.

A young child may have a difficult time adjusting to their new look. Without logical thinking, they may not realize that changing an outside body part does not change who you are on the inside. They may not "see" themselves any longer and they may find that quite traumatic and disruptive to development. Other children may simply respond to everyone else's response and love their new ears and still feel exactly like themselves. Their reaction is dependent upon their personality and the adults in their life.

Plastic surgery for children without severe oddities that cause ridicule or actual disfigurements are not considered good candidates for cosmetic surgery. Children who undergo cosmetic surgery for issues like having their father's nose which displeases a divorced mother tend to suffer deep emotional trauma and self esteem issues. Cosmetic surgery for children should only be considered with the child's consent.

Cosmetic Surgery for Older Children

There are some adolescents who feel that cosmetic surgery is something they could benefit from. This can be a difficult decision for parents. Teenagers tend to change so quickly and over time their self image may actually improve. However, turning to cosmetic surgery in order to create the illusion of perfection in their lives by attempting to attain perfection in their body is dangerous, and most surgeons will not consider a cosmetic procedure on a teenager who is not socially and emotionally well adjusted. In fact all adolescents can expect to undergo a psychiatric evaluation to determine the child has an appropriate state of mind.

Again a parent of a teenager wanting to have cosmetic surgery will have to struggle with the lesson they may teach their child. There is value in learning to love oneself exactly as is. Yet if a surgical procedure can alleviate a source a great anxiety and enhance the self esteem is that really a bad thing?

Cosmetic Surgery on Athletes

It has become acceptable these days to perform cosmetic surgery on athletes, particularly those whose body shape detracts from the desired norm. Figure skater, gymnasts, dancers, and performers have undergone cosmetic surgery prior to the age of eighteen, mostly to remove any signs of natural development such as breasts. In these sports, breasts are considered a detraction and many parents are having their daughters' breasts basically removed.

There are several child advocacy groups that have tried to remove children from their parents' care for undergoing this procedure, although none of them have been successful. It is not yet known what the effects of this process will likely cause, but professional speculation states that the results will not be positive. Many teens give up the majority of their normal adolescent experience for their sport. Some may consider just another run of the mill sacrifice.

Childhood Benefits

Children with significant disfigurements are naturally saved from a lifetime of poor self esteem and ridicule when they undergo cosmetic surgery for children. Those with mild disfigurements have been shown to do well after the procedure has been completed and an appropriate adjustment period has passed. Children tend to be resilient beings and can typically bounce back from the changes of cosmetic surgery, but great care should be taken in the entire process to alleviate fear and teach valuable lessons along the way.

While we don't want to teach our children it is necessary to change in order to fit in, it can be beneficial to protect them if possible. Every parent wants their child to have as close to a normal life as possible. Naturally this decision can cause great anguish to a parent. Even after consulting numerous psychologists and doctors there can be doubt and hesitation in knowing what is right for any particular child. The best way to begin to understand what is right is to be as educated as possible about cosmetic surgery and all it has to offer and all of its drawbacks.

The more a person understands the cosmetic surgery industry the more they can understand what to expect and what expectations are just too high. Finding adequate resources on the internet can be a challenge all it own, and finding a resource that is not interested in anything other than educating the public and offering a realistic forum for such issues.

If you are interested in finding out more information on this or any other form of plastic surgery, take a moment and stop by lifeplasticsurgery to find unbiased reporting and fair representation of the facts and procedures. This is not a decision to make alone, and having a community of people looking for their own right answers can make a huge impact.

Plastic Surgery for Self Esteem

Self-esteem is something men and women struggle with and it also affects people of various ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds. There are several factors of why some people have low self-esteem. One person may have suffered emotional and verbal abuse as a child while others have low self esteem because they had a physical ailment which leads to a visible deformity. Some people deal with their self-esteem issues by acting out in anger while others either overeat or starve themselves. But these are not the best ways to improve self-esteem and in recent years more people turned to plastic surgery to improve their self-esteem.

Did you know that more men are getting plastic surgery to improve their self-esteem and image in the workplace? This may surprise some people since plastic surgery has traditionally been considered a woman's domain. According to recent studies, 40-percent of men weren't happy with the shape of their noses. It's for this reason that rhinoplasty, or reshaping of the nose, is the most popular form of plastic surgery for men. Other men get changes made to their upper and lower eyelids as well as changes in their chin and neck lines.

African-Americans are getting plastic surgery in record numbers according to a recent article in Ebony. Historically, African-Americans shunned cosmetic surgery because they felt this meant they were ashamed of their features or that they wanted to look more European. However, this is no longer the case and African-Americans are more comfortable with using plastic surgery to improve their self-esteem. In addition, there are more African-American plastic surgeons which assist people of color in getting cosmetic work done. Breast reduction surgery and rhinoplasty are the most popular types of plastic surgical procedures for African-Americans.

When you research different plastic surgeons, it's important to make sure they're certified and licensed because you want to have the surgery done by a trusted professional. You should also get a physical checkup from your doctor before getting the cosmetic surgery to ensure that you're healthy enough for it. Another thing you should do is think about the goal of the p surgery and specific parts of your body that are causing you low self-esteem.

Plastic surgery is the initial step to improving your self-esteem, but there are additional steps you can take to be whole emotionally. Seek counseling from your pastor or a psychotherapist is wise because they will address the root of your low self-esteem and give you long-lasting recommendations to rebuild it after the surgery. Also try to work on your broken relationships because this may be another factor in building your self-esteem. If you're stressed out from work, don't run to your favorite high-calorie snacks. Instead, go for a long walk.

Cosmetic surgery is a good way to boost your self-esteem but it can also improve your physical health. For example, if you have excessively large breasts, you'll experience back pain and it will be difficult to find good bras that fit comfortably. If you get surgery to reduce fine lines or bags under your eyes, your skin will look younger and fresher. As with any medical procedure discuss the options thoroughly with your doctor and think long and hard about the benefits and risks of this kind of surgery before you make a commitment.

Stress and the Toll It Takes on Your Skin

When you were a teenager do you remember getting a case of an angry red, acne breakout or hives the day before that big date or mid-term exam? I sure do and so do many of my patients. It's true, stress can wreak havoc on your skin and be the culprit in sudden outbreaks of acne, itchy rashes, hives, dryness, and even sagging. In fact, a whole new field of medicine, called psychodermatology, focuses on why the skin is so responsive to our emotional state of mind. Here's what I tell my patients about the emotions/skin connection and how you can control it.

Why Does Stress Affect Your Skin?

When a patient comes in with a particular skin upset, the first thing I ask them is how's their life going? Are they under a lot of stress or are things generally okay? Studies show that about 30% of dermatology patients have an unaddressed life stressor occurring at the same time as their skin condition. The answers from my patients to these questions point me in right direction in both treating their skin condition and preventing it from recurring.

Interestingly, the brain and skin are made up of the same cells and, as such, influence each other. As I explain to my patients, just as someone can get an upset stomach when they're nervous, or a bad headache when they're tense, or their blood pressure goes up when they get angry, your skin can similarly react to stress. Here are some of the typical stress/skin conditions that I see:

Sudden Acne Outbreak: You get nervous, or tense, in reaction to a certain event, and your body over produces cortisol, a stress hormone. The elevation of cortisol in turn creates a lot of sebum (a waxy oily substance) which, combined with skin bacteria, creates acne.

Hives: A stressful situation causes your body to flood with histamines, as if you're allergic to stress and your body is trying to reject it. Taking an antihistamine relieves the hives and the itching but finding a way to control how your body reacts to the stressor is also important.

Wrinkles, Dryness, Itchiness: These can all be a sign of internal inflammation, which can be a reaction to stress as well. Perhaps you need more Omega-3's in your diet, antioxidants, or water.

Sagging skin. Sagging skin can also be caused by stress through either a life event or just from dieting. You don't get enough sleep and/or are forgetting to drink enough water and/or have decreased food, vitamins and minerals intake. Your skin can become lax and lose its tone. Once you start sleeping more, eating better and getting more fluid intake, your skin usually recovers.

On the flip-side, skin outbreaks and conditions can themselves be the cause of stress through diminished self-esteem and/or depression about how you look. When it comes to your skin, it's important to consider the mind-body connection in helping a patient feel and look their best.

How You Can Minimize The Stress Effect On Your Skin

Short-lived skin outbreaks from nervousness like the big date example can be handled using the following methods:

• Cleanliness. Keeping your skin as clean as possible can help prevent an outbreak from over-reacting sebum glands. Also, refrain from touching your face a lot or leaning on hands, to prevent bacteria from hands transferring to your face.


• Hydrate, hydrate! Drinking enough water will help flush out impurities from your body and prevent constipation which can also contribute to skin flares.


• Moisturize. Helps fight dryness and itchiness. Look for one that won't clog pores or use pure extra-virgin olive oil mixed with a little aloe vera.


• Retinol-A. A form of Vitamin A that exfoliates dead skin cells and helps heal acne and diminish wrinkles and age spots as well as thicken skin.


• Glycolic acid. This can help heal acne flare-ups quickly and help reduce redness.


• Cosmetic covers. There are some excellent mineral powder based skin cover products on the market with concealers that reduce inflammation and cover the outbreak.


• Benadryl. Keep a bottle of over-the-counter Benadryl on hand to treat an outbreak of hives. Be sure, however, that the outbreak actually is hives and not measles or chicken pox. Best to let your doctor determine.

More long-term stressors such as chronic illness, marital problems, death of a loved one, all can rob the healthy appearance of your skin. In addition to the above suggestions, also try:

• Relaxation. Relax through aerobic exercise and/or massage therapy, reflexology.


• Counseling. Addressing, and finding solutions to dealing with, ongoing stressors can help your skin be healthier. These might including cognitive and behavioral therapy strategies to help you learn how not to react to certain situations.


• Natural relaxants/mood elevators. Try a few drops of tincture of Valerian in caffeine-free tea such as chamomile, or red Roiboos. Warm baths using herbs like lavender, rosemary, basil, sage are stress-busters that help you let go of built up tensions.


• Vitamins and Minerals. Be sure you're getting enough B vitamins that stress can deplete and antioxidants like C, E, D, resveratrol, CoQ10, and minerals like magnesium. Super Primrose Oil is a rich source of linoleic acid that helps fight inflammation.


• Sleep. Lack of sleep can create a whole domino-effect of bad health responses and shows up first on your skin. Get 6-8 hours a night.

In addition to feeling stressed out, none of us like to be embarrassed, or depressed, by unsightly acne outbreaks or feeling that we look older with dry, wrinkled, sagging skin! The good news is, though, if you can get your stress levels under control, and make good effort to pay attention to skin hygiene, nutritional intake, get fresh air and sunlight, exercise and rest, you can prevent, or greatly minimize, your skin reacting badly to whatever stressors come your way!

How Do the Best Plastic Surgeons Define Reconstructive Surgery and Cosmetic Surgery?

There are two distinct types of plastic surgery that we hear about in the news today. At times, there is confusion among the public as to what plastic surgery entails and what the different types are. There can be some stigma in some people's minds when it comes to some kinds of cosmetic surgery procedures. Especially, when you have celebrities who abuse cosmetic surgery.

Just because the word "plastic" is in the title does not mean that the surgery you will have involves plastic pieces. In some cases, I suppose there is some truth to that, but generally the Greek word from which we derive plastic from is "plastikos" which only means to mold or form into a structure.

Cosmetic surgery or plastic surgery is generally centered around two broad types of classification according to the best plastic surgeons. If a plastic surgeon is attempting to repair the person's ability to function, then we generally use the term reconstructive surgery. Although a reconstructive procedure may indeed also involve appearance, then general purpose is to correct some kind of defect of injury.

For instance, repairing a cleft lip and palate or fixing burns or the aftermath of traumatic injuries from dog bites, falls, car accidents, etc. would be prime examples of reconstructive surgery. In addition, fixing the septum inside someones nose so they can breath better would be in this classification. Another good example would be breast reconstruction after a woman has undergone breast cancer treatment.

The second broad category classification would be that of cosmetic or aesthetic surgery. In these procedures, the general aim of the plastic surgeon is to improve someone's appearance and in the process their self esteem. Often times, a person will request cosmetic surgery because they are just not satisfied with some part of their body.

Some common examples of this would be breast augmentation and/or breast reduction. In a breast enlargement, obviously there are implants used by the surgeon to form the body to the desired look. Sometimes, whether for appearance, function or both, a patient will request a rhinoplasty. This procedure aims to reshape the nose providing a better aesthetic appearance and easier breathing. I have personally had this done and while the improved appearance is a bonus, it does not even compare to the improved function! Another common example would be a procedure called liposuction which involves removing unwanted fat stores from different parts of the body.

Lastly, some of the cosmetic surgery procedures are not even real surgery in that they don't involve cutting and stitching. Some procedures involve the use of lasers to remove unwanted hair or to sand down the skin in an effort to improve scarring or hyperpigmentation.

These days, cosmetic surgery is considered "hip" and "trendy." Plastic surgeons are reporting all kinds of people, no matter their social status and frankly, their economic status, are seeking some form of cosmetic surgery procedure. It is almost epidemic in our culture today and is fueled by touched up, airbrushed images plastered all over billboards, TV shows and computers. Even here in the Midwest, in Kansas where I am from, there are plenty of people willing to undergo the knife. It is not just an east or west coast phenomenon anymore. These everyday folks for the most part know that cosmetic procedures are still surgery, yet they are willing to take the risk even though it may cause a financial hardship.

Andropause (Testosterone Deficiency Syndrome) - What You Need to Know, and How to Treat It

It is likely that you have heard of the term 'Andropause' - the male version of Menopause, before. Although still a relatively new field, and often surrounded in controversy, Andropause, or Testosterone Deficiency Syndrome (TDS), is a something worth looking into.

Fact or Fiction?

Andropause, or TDS, describes the signs and symptoms associated with declining levels of male hormones (Testosterone) in the older man. Unlike menopause, 'andropause' is not recognized by some medical institutions, including the World Health Organization.

However, a growing number of medical professionals recognize the condition of testosterone deficiency in older men, and its associated symptoms and associated impacts on health.

Symptoms, Health Consequences

The most common ways which Testosterone Deficiency present to me are erectile dysfunction, and decreased libido. Problems can span the whole spectrum, including an inability to maintain an erection, an erection which is not as hard as before, decreased libido and lack of early morning erections.

Other symptoms, such as low mood, irritability, insomnia, weight gain and lethargy are usually already present for some time, but unfortunately, these are often seen as being normal and part of aging. It is only when affected men are unable to perform in bed, when the alarm bells go off!

Testosterone deficiency has more far reaching implications. There is increasing evidence that TDS is associated with increased heart disease, in particular cardiovascular death (Testosterone deficiency syndrome and the heart:Eur Heart J (2010) 31(12): 1436-1437 April 17, 2010)

Andropause is Different from Menopause

Unlike menopause, which is abrupt, loss of testosterone in older men is a gradual process, with many men still being able to reproduce in old age. Therefore, the term 'Andropause' is wrong in a way - Testosterone Deficiency Syndrome would be a better description.

Testosterone levels in men may start declining from about age 30. Most men remain symptom free, with complaints of loss of energy, depressed mood, etc, often coming on insidiously several years later, often in their 50s. As mentioned, these symptoms are often brushed aside as being part of the normal aging process.. That is, until problems with their sexual performance start to appear.

Diagnosis

Blood tests to measure blood testosterone levels are readily available - such as Total Testosterone, Free Testosterone, and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG). These tests are very useful in helping us make a diagnosis of TDS.

It is important to note, however, that blood tests are not fail-proof. Someone may have Testosterone levels in the normal range, but still be suffering significant distress from TDS; or have low Testosterone levels, and still be symptom free. Hence, it is important to correlate with the blood results with the individual's signs and symptoms.

Many disease states, such as chronic liver disease, also contribute to TDS. It is important to have a thorough checkup with your doctor to exclude these medical conditions.

Treatments Available

Fortunately for us, TDS is now recognised by many health-care professionals, and treatments are available.

The fist step in treatment is always to try to boost your Testosterone levels, naturally, via lifestyle changes.

Hit the gym and start exercising. Testosterone undergoes a process called aromatization, where it converts into estrogen through chemical processes. This process takes place mainly in fat tissue - and hence decreasing your body fat and increasing muscle mass, will mean higher testosterone levels.

Cut down on alcohol, and reduce stress levels - these also contribute to lower testosterone levels.

When all these have failed, medical therapy, in the form of Testosterone Replacement, is the next option. Testosterone replacement therapy can done via injections, patches, gels, or tablets. Personally, I prefer using injections (e.g. Nebido), as I find that they are more convenient, give better, more predictable result, and come with less side effects.

The best method of replacement therapy will depend on your preferences and lifestyle though. Again, discuss with your doctor, and choose the best method for you.

Most importantly, do not brush vague symptoms of low energy, low mood, and decreased sexual performance aside - they may point to an underlying medical condition which is treatable with modern medicine.

Cosmetic Dentist For Teeth Beautification

Cosmetic dentistry is mainly known as teeth beautification. It involves various dental procedures that improve the aesthetic value of person's smile, which is the reason why cosmetic dentists are known as aesthetic dentists.

Teeth have several functions among which are enhancing the overall facial appearance and food digestion are the most important. If your teeth do not function properly, your digestive system might be significantly harmed, as teeth greatly influence the process of digestion. However, teeth have a huge impact on beautification of the face. People cannot flaunt their smile if they do not have healthy and shining teeth.

A beautiful smile can make a big difference in woman's life, as she can conquer the world with it, that is why teeth beautification is so significant for women. Obviously, not all women like their teeth. They search for an alternative way to enhance their beauty. A good cosmetic dentist is able to return their beautiful smile and make their appearance more attractive than ever.

Teeth beautification does not necessarily involve only enhancing the teeth, but it also includes the gums. Keeping the gums in good health is especially important, as this is where the teeth are positioned and they provide the much needed support to teeth.

In order to reach great results, it is necessary to use the services of experienced cosmetic dentist only. Since the cosmetic surgery is not an easy process, dentist will not be able to successfully perform it without proper knowledge. In order to find a good cosmetic dentist, you should take into consideration his qualifications. He might claim to be experienced, as many dentists do, but he might lack the necessary qualification and training. The training should not be one of a time and there are a lot of post graduate courses available. Those dentists that have an artistic eye and such thorough training will be the best option for you. That is why it is a good idea to check the dentist's qualification before you choose the right professional for your aesthetic surgery.

The cosmetic dentist's attitude toward his patients is equally important. He should be open with the clients and provide them with enough care and dedication. You could go through the procedures done by the particular dentist to get an idea of his abilities. This in turn will increase your confidence in him.

Since the cosmetic surgery is not an emergency procedure, you can take your time to learn more about the procedures and techniques that you will go through. People, who are interested in various cosmetic dentistry interventions, have a lot of options to choose from or even they can avail of a combination of two or more methods that seem to fit their specific problem. Some of the most popular procedures made by cosmetic dentists are teeth whitening, dental implants, porcelain veneers, dental bonding, dental bridges, tooth contouring, dentures, and reshaping. Some other procedures may include things like dental caps, fillings or crowns, root canals, cosmetic gum surgery, accelerated orthodontics, etc.

One of the most popular cosmetic dentistry procedures is teeth whitening, which is especially preferred by women. Since women always want their teeth to look bright and white, they usually opt for this procedure.

Cosmetic Surgery Booming Despite Its Hefty Price Tag

The demand for cosmetic surgery continues to soar around the world. More and more beauty conscious people, including men, women and teens, are now choosing to undergo the surgeon's knife to beautify their physical appearance and enhance their overall body looks, despite the fact that it is truly going to cost them a fortune.

These days cosmetic surgery is no longer an exclusive beauty secret of rich and famous personalities. It is now a common request among general public.

In today's appearance-conscious society, almost every woman wishes to have fuller lips and a tighter behind. Not only women, these days even men are increasingly choosing appearance-enhancing cosmetic surgery procedures to get a better defined shape on both their bodies and faces.

Overview

Cosmetic (aesthetic) surgery is one of the subsets of plastic surgery alongside reconstructive surgery.

Cosmetic surgery is performed to improve the look of a person's body part that is within a range of normal appearance and functions normally. This surgery is typically done to enhance the normal body structure beyond the average level toward some aesthetic ideal. As well, it gives patients a powerful boost in confidence.

Popular Procedures

The popular cosmetic surgery procedures include Tummy tuck (abdominoplasty); Breast enlargement (breast augmentation); breast lift (Mastopexy); Breast reduction; Male breast reduction (gynecomastia); Buttock augmentation; Buttock lift; Nose job (rhinoplasty); Ear surgery (otoplasty); Eyelid surgery (blepharoplasty); Brow lift; Facelift (rhytidectomy); Liposuction (suction-assisted lipectomy); Chin augmentation and Hair transplantation.

Surging Trend of Cosmetic Surgery

In the past couple of years, the cosmetic surgery has exploded in demand. A stupendous number of people who want to look their best are increasingly electing to have a variety of cosmetic surgery procedures to correct or beautify specific part(s) of their body.

Technological advances, availability of minimally invasive anti-ageing and cosmetic surgery procedures for the face, breasts, buttocks or other body parts, as well as the highly skilled aesthetic surgeons and the desire to look like TV and film stars are the major factor driving a boom in cosmetic surgery.

Based on ASPS' 2011 statistics, it is clear that the demand for cosmetic surgery procedures (both surgical and minimally invasive) increased dramatically, with Breast augmentation (307,000 procedures), Rhinoplasty or nose job (244,000), Liposuction (205,000), Eyelid surgery (196,000) and Facelift (119,000) remained most in demand last year in the United States.

The top five minimally invasive procedures performed in 2011 in the United States include Botox (5.7 million procedures); Soft tissue fillers (1.9 million); Chemical peel (1.1 million); Laser hair removal (1.1 million) and Microdermabrasion (900,000).

Cost

The cost of cosmetic surgery varies from country to country and state to state, depending on factors like what type of procedure the patient chooses as well as experience of the surgeon and the reputation of aesthetic clinic the patient elects to get the body rejuvenation done.

For example, breast augmentation has different price range than rhinoplasty or facelift. The cost of boob job largely depends on the shape and size of the breast implant, as well as the type of the implant (saline or silicon). Likewise, an extensively experienced surgeon with excellent cosmetic skills may charge higher prices.

The price also varies from clinic to clinic and even by region and country. Getting body enhancement procedures may cost you a fortune in the affluent countries of the world, namely US, Canada, Australia, UK and other European countries. However, in some developing and newly industrialized countries the prices are dramatically lower than in the developed countries.

The low-income and uninsured people who have not been able to shell out a fortune to look good in their local aesthetic clinics can consider undergoing the surgery in countries like India, Thailand, Mexico and Costa Rica where these procedures come at a price that will certainly surprise you.

Cosmetic Dentistry Innovations to Straighten Teeth, Sans Braces

Cosmetic dentistry has afforded more people with modern options to solve dental problems that were traditionally difficult to treat. One of the most common orthodontic concerns is correcting misaligned teeth. This irregularity can be seen in different forms. Some people have teeth that have spaces in between while others have overcrowded teeth. Others have overbites, underbites, and even crossbites. These conditions do not only pose serious dental problems; it also dampen one's confidence. People with misaligned teeth often are self-conscious and find it awkward to smile. Their social lives are marred by an unpleasant mark.

Thanks to modern technology, there are now a number of treatments readily available for those seeking to straighten this problem, literally and figuratively speaking. Dentists and orthodontists prescribe treatments that effectively improve one's appearance without sacrificing comfort brought about by traditional metal braces. One of the highly sought treatments is tooth contouring. Most effective for people with overcrowded teeth, contouring reshapes the teeth to give ample space to grow and reposition properly. This treatment is relatively painless and affordable than other methods.

Another option in cosmetic dentistry in aligning teeth without the aid of metal braces is by wearing veneers. The process involves applying a thin layer of restorative material over a tooth surface to give it a new and better shape. Dental veneers may either be made of porcelain or composite material. Aside from the aesthetic purpose, veneers are also used as a protective shell for damaged teeth.

If wearing braces is inevitable, there is an innovative way to do so. Patients may avail of invisible braces, a series of transparent removable teeth aligners. Like its traditional metal counterpart, invisible braces are worn over a period of time to correct misaligned teeth. The difference is that they are less painful and can be removed when it is time to eat, thus minimizing the discomfort. People will also hardly notice that one is under treatment due to its invisible nature. This is best for adults who do not wish to be embarrassed wearing metal braces, which is commonly done during childhood years.

Cosmetic dentistry has indeed evolved over the years to bring more convenient choices. These technological advances may be readily availed but it is still best to make a careful study as to which method is best and appropriate for specific conditions. Dentists and orthodontists can give practical advices when it comes to choosing the right dental plan for each patient.

The Different Services of Cosmetic Dentists

A cosmetic dentist is a dentist who specializes in making the teeth and gums look more aesthetically pleasing. Cosmetic dentistry is not a recognised field of dentistry. Many dentists who specialize in improving the physical appearance of the teeth are considered to be cosmetic dentists. For example, an Orthodontist who specializes in straightening teeth using devices like braces is considered to be cosmetic dentists. Cosmetic dentists do not specialize in treating oral and dental diseases though they are able to if need be. They have received at least basic dentistry training. Cosmetic dentists offer a wide variety of services. Below is a list of some of the most common cosmetic dental procedures.

Tooth whitening:
There are over the counter whitening treatments that you can purchase and perform yourself in the comfort of your own home. Dentists are able to do a better and more professional tooth whitening job. Tooth whitening is the most common cosmetic dental procedure that is requested by patients. This procedure is most commonly requested by people who have stained teeth due to habits such as smoking and drinking too much coffee.

Teeth straightening/alignment:
This is another of the most sought after cosmetic dentistry procedures. Because you have skew or crooked teeth, you can go to cosmetic dentists to have them straightened. There are a variety of methods that are used to straighten teeth. These include the traditional permanent braces that are placed onto the teeth and exert pressure to pull them into the desired position. Nowadays, there are more sophisticated measures such as Invisalign which is less noticeable and more convenient to wear. It can be removed by the wearer when they need to eat, drink or brush their teeth.

Dental Implants:
This procedure is used to replace missing teeth. There are different kinds of dental implants. The procedure is an invasive surgery, but it is outpatient. It usually requires two visits to the dentist to complete the implant. Also, because the procedure is invasive, not many people are suitable candidates for it. The best way to find out if you qualify for the procedure is to speak directly to a dentist and discuss your medical and health history with them. Bridges are also used to replace missing teeth. However, this is different from dental implants in that bridges are not fixed to the actual bone and socket of the missing tooth. Instead, the bridge is anchored to and supported by the neighbouring teeth.

Porcelain Veneers:
This is used to improve the appearance of the teeth. The veneers are placed onto the surface of the teeth to reshape or enlarge them. Veneers have to be custom-made and ordered by your dentist. They consist of a thin layer of porcelain which is fixed directly onto the tooth. This is an excellent solution for people who have very small teeth with gaps between them, or people who have chipped a tooth, and other such conditions. In some cases, porcelain veneers can even be used to straighten crooked teeth. Veneers are also an excellent solution for people who have severely stained teeth that cannot be improved through teeth whitening.

Gum Lift:
This procedure reshape the gum line. This procedure involved reshaping the gum tissue and/or the bone underneath. It is done in order to make the teeth appear to be more symmetrical or longer.

Bite Reclamation:
This procedure is done to assist people who have excessive wear and tear to their teeth because of habits such as tooth grinding.

There are many other procedures that cosmetic dentists perform. In order to find out what procedure is best for your particular dental needs, it is best to speak to a cosmetic dentist in person.